Dr. Stephen Birch has practiced acupuncture since graduating in 1982.  He has studied intensively with senior Japanese acupuncturists including Yoshio Manaka, MD and the leaders of the Toyohari association.  He has a Ph.D. from the Center for Complementary Health Studies at Exeter University concentrating on the methods for researching acupuncture efficacy.  He is a founding member of the Society for Acupuncture Research.   Dr. Birch was a participant in both the landmark U.S. F.D.A. review and approval of acupuncture and the U.S. N.I.H. Consensus Development Conference on acupuncture.  He currently practices in Holland and teaches world-wide. 

 Stephen is the author or co-author of the following books described at this site:

Japanese Acupuncture a Clinical Guide [0]

Chasing the Dragon's Tail [0]

Five Elements and Ten Stems [0]

Extraordinary Vessels [0]

Hara Diagnosis: Reflections on the Sea [0]

Stephen has contributed the following articles to the references section:

 The problems of acupoint contraindications in pregnancy [0]

A Review and Analysis of Placebo Treatments, Placebo Effects, and Placebo Controls in Trials of Medical Procedures When sham Is Not Inert [0]